Aeroplane.



is; N. MALTERNBR. ABROPLANE. I I APPLICATION FILED HAY 20, 1911.

Patented May 13, 1913 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l 1 l l mon/ms S. NQ MALTERNER. AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED un zo, 1911.

`1,061,917. w Patntedmy13,1913.

. 1 -z SHEETS-SHEET 2. Y 42,

I ATTORNEYS.

. thereto.

UNITED sTATEs rnTENT OFFICE.

SILAS N. MALTERNER, 0F CANTON, NEW YORK.

AEROPLANE.

'o all whom t may concern -Be it known that I, Sims N. MALTERNER,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident' rangement of parts which will be fully described `in the accompanying specification and pointed -outin the claims appended Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a partof this specilication, in which the same characters of reference indicate the same parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an aeroplane of improved type; Fig. 2 is a top plan thereof; Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section through the structure of one of the supporting wings of the aeroplane, the section being taken on the line 3 3 of Fig.4; Fig. -t is a vertical longitudinal section of the wing. structure taken on the line 4- 4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 isa vertical longitudinal sectional view through the body of the frame` work of the" can/taken on theline 5 5 of Fig'. 6; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view on thel line 6 6 of Fi 5i and Fig. 7 is a transverse vertical sectional view on the line 7 7 of Fig. 5.4

On the drawings vI yshow an aeroplane which is illustrated as ofthe monoplane stype, and it comprises a main frame 1, which is preferably formed of a single plate ofl wood or metal, this plate being of elongated shape and having a' curved-bottom and its longitudinal sides bent up as shown on Fig. 7. Rearwardly of this plate extends the tail frame 2, which terminates in a vertical rudder 3, and carries on each side of the same,

Speciication of Letters Patent.

Application led May 20, 1911.

Serial No. 628,427.

Patented May 18, 1913. v

volved by a-shaft 7, which may be an extension of the crank shaft of the motor, or may be connected to the motor in any suitable Way. The sides of the body 1 forward of the middle portion thereof are perforated nearthe upper edges to receive a transverse spar 8, this spar 8 extending through the frame and projecting a considera-ble distance oir each side thereof. The opposite halves of this spar are inclosed in sleeves 9, andthe spar 8 with the sleeves 9 thereon forms supports for the main planes 10. As-shown on Fig. 4, the spar 8 extends outward to the.l

ends or tips of the wings 10, but the sleeves 9 terminate short of the wing tips and extend at their opposite ends through the4 sides of t-he body 1, terminating each in an arm 11, which is rigidly connected thereto. These arms 11 are separated from each other by a loose sleeve 12, mounted on the spar 8 between these arms; and each of the arms `11 terminates in a reduced projection '13,

which fits in al transverse opening through a,

block 14 pivotally connected to a link 15, the latter having a yoke-shaped end receiving the block 14.-. this'block being held in place in said end by means of aA horizontal pivot pin 15. The .opposite ends of the, links 15 are also yoke-shaped, the arms of the yokes lying in a vertical plane, as shown in Eig. 5, and receive the perforated ends of blocks 16, vthese blocks heilig connected to the links 15 to rotate around vertical pivot,r

pins in the manner shown. The blocks 16 have 'horizontal perforations therethrough, these perforations receiving the outer ends of a. horizontal bar 17, on which is pivotally mounted the voked end 18 of a lever 19.r The bar 17 is pivotally mounted on 'a bolt 20 carried by a rearward extension 21 of a vertical yoke member 22, this vertical yoke member having bearings 1n its sides concentric with the openings through the sides of the -body 1, through which pass tl i.e-spar 8' and the sleeves 9, and thls yoke 1s loosely mounted with respect lto the sleeves 9, so as the frame' of the machine. The' lever 2f-B110 has a locking pawl or catch 28, to engage the teeth 27 and hold the lever 24 in any adjusted position. w

The seat of the operator is indicated at 21), and is mounted in the body 1 adjacent the rear edges of the wings 10, and preferlably on a level therewith. This seat has a journal 30 extending rearwardly thereof, on

l which is mounted a rocking lever 31. having an aperture 32 at its lower end to receive the rear end of the lever 19 passing beneath said seat. The upper end of the lever 3l is yoke-shaped, as shown at 33, the arms of this yoke being horizontal, and one of them being located on each side of the seat 29.

The construction of the wing is shown in particular on Figs. 3 and 4. Each wing is made up of a numberof vertical plates 34 having a straight or concave lower edge and a convex upper edge. These plates are rigidly secured to the sleeves 9, and between these vertical plates are secured sheets of light metal, as indicated at 35, these sheets being secured to the plates 34 along their lateral edges, and being secured together at their front and rear edges so as to facilitate the passage of the wing plane edgewise through the air. The plates 35 are of the same shape over the length of the wing, cx cept the outer plates, these outer plates be ing secured along one edge to the outermost plate 34, and being secured together along their curved edges to form a round tip for the wing, as shown on Fig. 2.

Each of the wings 10 has an opening 36 in its outer end, this opening being made in one of the top sheets 35. The spar 8 near its outer ends carries a pair of collars 37, to which collars are connected an upper and a lower eyelet 38. To the. lower eyelet is fastened a number of stays 40, the other ends of these stays being secured to the bottom of the body 1; and the upper eyelet serves as an anchor point for a stay 41, which is joined to the apex 42 of a framework consisting of a number of slanting diagonal bars 43, secured at their lower ends to the sides ofthe body. 43 are transverse bars joining the lower ends of the bars 43 to`A gether.

'It will be seen that the topand bottom sheets 35 are connected along their side edges to the platesv34 within the edges of Athese plates 34.` This allows the plates 34 to project from the wing at the top and bottom, and the plates 34 thus form keels for the main planes of the aeroplane which fa cilitate the guiding of the aeroplane when in flight, making it steadier. j

Referring again to the yoke 22, it will be 'noted that this yoke is mounted loosely on the inner ends of the sleeves 9. The arms 11 are rigidly secured to the inner ends of these sleeves, and the bar 17 serves to anchor the operating lever 19, by means of which the arms 11 are operated, to this yoke 22. As a consequence, when the lever 19 is moved to the right or left, the arms 11 will be operated 'to adjust the planes in opposite directions. At the same time, when the le-. ver 24 is operated, the yoke 22 will be bodily moved through the link 23; and through the projection 21, the pivot-bolt 2O and the lever 17 the lever 19 will be moved with the yoke without producing any relative movement of the lever 19 and the arms 11.

' In operation, when the machine is in flight the aviator can adjust the wings 10 to increase or decrease the angle of the same to the liorizontalby manipulatin the lever 24. Suppose, for example, the wings 10 to be lying in the same plane, with the lever 19 eX- tending straight back along the longitudinal axis of the machine, if the aviator wishes the machine to rise in the air he will push the lever 24 to the front. This will operate the yoke 22, rotating the same forward around the vspar 8, and carrying the bar 17 and the lever 19 with it. This will push forward the lower ends of both the arms 11, so as to tilt the front edges of the wings upward and produce the desired result. By pulling the bar 24 in the opposite direction the angle of inclination of the wings 10 can be decreased instead of increased.

In oider to adjust the wings Ain opposite directions, all the aviator has to do is to lean to the right or left in the seat to cause his shoulder to push against one of the arms of the yoke 33. ThisV adjustment can be made without changing the position of the lever 24. Suppose, for example, the wing at the left of the machine should sink and the one at the right should rise. In this case it will be necessary to increase the angle of inclination of the wing at the left and decrease the angle of inclination of the wing at the right. The aviator therefore merely leans, to the right, pushing overthe lever 31. This will swing the rear end of the lever 19 to the left, pulling back on the arm 11 at the right, and pushing forward on the arm 11 at the left. This will depress the front edge of the right wing and elevate the front edge of the left wing, which will quickly bring the machine back to a level. The aviator therefore, when the machine tilts to one side or the other, merely leans away from the lower side to make the adjustment necessary to restore equilibrium.

By constructing the body of the Wings in the manner shown, a light but strong wing framework is obtained. The plates employed can be made of aluminum, copper or parts of the machine are not too heavy these 'wings may even cause the whole structure to float, should it ever drop into a `body of Patent l. An aeroplane comprising a main frame and a transverse shaft or spar supported in the sides of said frame and extending laterally therefrom, a sleeve surrounding said shaft and being rotatable thereon, a lifting plane formingl a. wing for the aeroplane,

rigidly attached to said sleeve, an arm carried upon the end of said sleeve within the frame, a member pivotally mounted upon the inner end of said sleeve, and means for adjustably connecting said member and said arm, whereby said arm can be moved relatively to said member. to adjust said wing, and whereby the member can be moved to adjust the wing without producing relative movement of said a`rm and member.

2. An aeroplane comprising a frame, a

transverse shaft or spar mounted in said frame and extending laterally therefrom, aA

sleeve rotatably mounted on the said spar, a lifting plane forming a wing for the aeroplane, rigidly secured to the sleeve, the inner end of said sleeve extending within the frame, a rock'arm rigidly secured to the inner end of said sleeve, a member loosely jouinaled upon the inner end of said sleeve and having adjustable Vconnection With said arm,lsaid member having relative inovement around said sleeve as an axis, means for actuating said arm, and separate means for actuating said membei',.whereby the angle of inclination of the Wing can be adjusted by operating the arm alone, and, whereby the angle of inclination of the wing can be adjusted by operating the member Without producing relative movement of said arm and member.

3. An aeroplane comprising a main frame, a transverse shaft or spar carried by said frame and extending laterally therefrom, sleeves rotatably mounted upon the said spar and extending Within the frame, lifting planes rigidly secured to said sleeves to rotate therewith, said planes forming the wings for the aeroplane, arms secured to the inner ends'of said sleeves, ayoke-shaped member loosely mounted upon the inner ends of said sleeves and between the said arms and the sides of the frame, a lever foi-actuating said yoke, a yoke-shaped lever pivotally connected to a transverse bar for actuating said arms, the ends of said transverse bar having linked connection with the lower ends rf said arms, whereby, when the lever is moved to the right` or left, the wings of the, aeroplane can be adjusted in opposite directions, said transverse bai' being pivotally mounted on a projection extending from the bottom of said yoke, whereby the movement of said yoke will adjust the Wings without producing movement of the said arms relative to said yoke, and a lever mounted on the rear of the aviators seat to be swung to one side or the other, the lower end of said lever having an openingf' therethrough to receive the end of /th/e yokeshaped lever, said lever pivoted onthe aviators seathaving' a yoke-shaped upper end, the arms of which ai'e arranged at both sides of the aviators seat, whereby the aviator may lean to one side or the other to actuate said lever and the yoke-shaped lever to adjust the said wings.

l. An aeroplane comprising a main frame having a transverse. shaft or spar extending laterally therefrom, a lifting lane forming a wing forl the aeroplane, atjustablysupported by said spar, an arm secured to said wing, and a pivoted member adjustably counected to `said arm, said member r'being mounted concentric with said wing, whereby when said arm is moved with respectto said 95 pivotally-mounted member the wing will be adjusted, and whereby when the pivotallymounted member is moved the wingivill be adjusted through the connection of said member with said arm, without relative movement of said arm or member.

5. An aeroplane comprising a frame having 'a transverse shaftor s ar supported thereby and extending laterllly therefrom, a rotatable sleeve carried by said shaft, a lifting plane/,forming a wing for the aeroplane rigidly/attached to the sleeve, an ai'in cai'ried upon j the end of said sleeve, a pivotally-mounted member adjustably connected to said arm, and means for moving saidaini and said ,tmember independently of veach .ot-her, whireby when the arm is moved the wing will' be adjusted, and whereby when ier is moved the wing will be also adjusted vthrough the adjustable connection of said member with said arm, without producing relative4 movement of said member and arm. j f

6. An aeroplane comprising a frame or body, a transverse shaft or spar carried by said frame and extendin laterally there` from at both sides of said frame,`lifting planes forming wings for the aeroplane rotatably supported by said spar, arms secured to each of said wings` to adjust the same around said spar as an axis, a pivotallymounted member carried by said frame andV adjustably connected to said arms, means4 for moving said arms, and means for moving-said member, whereby .the arms can be said spar at each side of said frame, lifting planes forming wings for the aeroplane, secured to the sleeves, arms secured to each of said sleeves to adjust said planes, pivotally-mounted means carried by said frame and having adjustable connection with each of said arms, means for moving said arms in opposite directions to adjust said planes, and means for moving said pivotally-mounted means to adjust said wlngs through the adjustable connection of said means withv said arms, and without producing relative movement of said means and said arms.

8. An aeroplane comprising a main frame,

a transverse shaft or spar carried by said frame and extending laterally therefrom, sleevesI rotatably mounted upon said spar and extending within the frame, lifting planes rigidly secured to said sleeves and rotatable ,tl1erewith'said planes forming the wings of the aeroplane, arms secured to the inner ends ofthe sleeves, a yokevshaped member loosely mounted upon the inner ends of the sleeves and between said arms and the sides of the frame, a lever for actuating said yoke-shaped member, a transverse bar pivotally carried by said yokesh'aped member, means for providing link connection between the ends of said bar and the said arms, and a lever connected to said bar, whereby the movement of said yokeshaped member will adjust the wings without producing movement of said arms relative to said yoke-shaped member, and whereby when the lever connectedto the bar is moved to the right or left, the wings can be adjusted in opposite directions by means of said arms.

9. An aeroplane comprising a main fra-me, a .transverse shaft.- or spar carried by said frame and extending laterally therefrom, sleeves rotatably mounted u on said spar and extending within the frame, liftlng planes rigidly secured to said sleeves and rotatable therewith wings of the aeroplane, arms secured to the inner ends of the sleeves, a yoke-shaped member loosely mounted upon the inner ends ot' the sleeves and between said'arms and the sides of the frame, a lever for actuating said yoke-shaped member, a transverse bar pivotally carried by said yoke-shapedv member, means for providing link connection between the ends of said bar and the said said planesA forming the arms, a lever connected to said bar whereby the movement of said vyoke-shaped member will adjust the wings without producing` movement of said arms relative to said yokeshaped member, and whereby when the lever connected to the bar is movedto the rightor left the wings can be adjusted in the opposite direction by means of said arms, a movable member adjacent the seat for the aviator mounted on said aeroplane, and means for connecting said last-named lever to said member to enable the same to be actuated.

10. 'An aeroplane comprising a frame or body, a liftingpl'ane forming a wing for the aeroplane connected to the said frame 'or body, and rotatable aboutan axis, a member mounted on said axis and freely movable thereon, a second member pivoted on the first member and movable relative thereto, connections between the said second member and the wing, and actuating means for said members, whereby the second member can be moved relative to the firstmember to adjust the wing, and whereby said 'irst memrber can be moved to adjust the wing Without relative movement of said first member and said second member.

11. In an aeroplane, av wing consisting of sections, said sections including vertical longitudinallyarranged plates, and top and bottom sheets secured together at their front and rear edges and to said vertical along their sides within the edges o said vertical plates, said vertical plates thus projecting above and below the body of the wing and forming keels thereon.

12. 'In an aeroplane, a wing comprising top and bottom sheets spaced from reach other,` a. sleeve to which said sheets are sccured, a spar on which said sleeve is rotatably mounted, said sheets having openings therein above and below the spar, and means carried by the spar and projecting through the openings to enable stays to be secured to the spar, said openings permitting the body of the wing to rotate on said spar wlthout interfering with thestays.

13. An aeroplane com rising a main frame, a -wing supporte by said main frame and mounted to be adjustable around an axis, an arm secured to said wing, a pivoted member mounted concentric with said wing, a second member pivoted to the pivotally mounted member, and connections be-A lates lio frame., Aa wing supported by said main ating the yoke shaped member, and means frame and mounted to be adjustable around for actuating the said transverse member.

an axis, arms secured to said wing-a yoke In testimony whereof I have signed my 'I shaped member mounted on said axis and name to this specification in the presence of 5 freely movable thereon, the said yoke shaped two subscribing witnesses.

member havin a rearward extension,- a

vtransverse mem er pivoted on the rearward SILAS N' MALTERNER' extension of-said yoke shapedmember, eon- Witnesses:

nectlons betweenthe ends of sald transverse GENEVIEVE BANTA,

10 member and ,the said arms, means for actu GEORGE A. ADAMS. 

